VII. Thermal energy

1. thermal energy = atomic and molecular motion
2. solid-liquid-vapor-plasma

1. average kinetic energy (related to speed)
2. total energy of a substance is like the sum of its kinetic energies (related to volume)
3. conversions
   °C =(°F-32)/1.8
   °F= (1.8 °C) +32
   K = °C – 273
4. Absolute zero – motion stops – no kinetic energy

1. thermal energy transferred from one substance to another
2. always moves to lower temperature object
3. cold is the lack of heat
4. measured in joules (like energy)
5. laws of thermodynamics

E. Specific Heat Capacity
heat required to increase an object’s temperature by 1°

F. States (phases) of H2O

1. solid, liquid, vapor
2. processes
3. cooling vs warming

1. conduction
2. convection
3. radiation