Sediment and Sedimentary rocks

sediment size: gravel >2mm, sand 1/16 - 2 mm, mud < 1/16,

development processes, erosion, transport, deposition

effects: grain size, rounding, sorting, composition, maturity

lithification: compaction, cementation

Detrital sedimentary rocks- clastic texture, generally dominated by quartz and clay minerals

gravel: conglomerate and breccia

sand: sandstone and arkose

mud: mudstone, shale

chemical sedimentary rocks: carbonates - limestone, evaporites, rock salt, gypsum

other sedimentary rocks: chert, amber, coal

 
What is the difference between sediment and sedimentary rocks? Explain the system by which detrital sediments and sedimentary rocks are classified ( named). When is texture important in naming a detrital rock (2 cases)? When is composition important (1 case)?

Describe the processes of lithification. (compaction and cementation)
 
Explain how transport of a sediment affects its maturity.  Describe the physical effects (size, rounding, sorting) and mineral effects.