VI. Running Water (streams)
A. Basics
- stream - channelized flow of water
- energy
- gradient = vertical/horizontal
- channel shape (fig. 9.4)
- channel roughness
- vegetation
B. Erosion - high energy
- hydraulic action
- abrasion
- solution
C. Transport - variable energy
- mechanisms
- bed load - rolling or saltation
- suspended load
- dissolved load
- measurement
- competence - largest piece stream can carry
- capacity - amount of sediment a stream can carry
D. Channel types
- meandering stream - point bar, cut bank, oxbow lake (fig. 9.7, 9.8)
- braided stream - longitudinal bar (fig. 9.10)
E. Deposition - low energy
- delta - stream meet calm water (usually ocean) (fig. 9.16, 9.17)
- alluvial fan - abrupt change in gradient
- flood plain (fig. 9.18)
- levee (fig. 9.18)
E. Landscape
- base level (fig. 9.11)
- graded stream
- downcutting
- lateral erosion
- headward erosion
- stream terraces
- incised meanders (fig. 9.15)
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